Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
Today, many governments are promoting organic or natural farming methods (26) ________ avoid the use of pesticides and other artificial products. The aim is to show that they (27) ____________ about the environment and about people’s health. But is this the right approach?
Europe is now the biggest (28) ____________ for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Eating organic is (29) __________ way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-scoffing masses. As a journalist puts it: “It feels closer to the source, the beginning, the start of things.”
The organic approach means farming natural, rather than man-made. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. (30)____________, for its ineffective use of land and labour, there are severe limits to how much food can be produced.
(Adapted from IELTS by Cambridge)
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
The coronavirus pandemic has increased the necessity of digital and online learning, as most school and college students have spent longer periods at home than in school. Many educationalists and parents have been calling for children to go back to the classroom. There is the perception that no form of digital learning experience can surpass the classroom experience.
A study called “Online Education Platforms Scale College STEM Instruction With Equivalent Outcomes at Lower Cost” has found that students learned just as much in online STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) college courses when compared to traditional classroom settings. The reason for the STEM focus is due to a current shortage of highly skilled professionals in these areas. These are sectors seen as the importance for global recovery.
In making this point for the relative success of e-learning, Cornell University researchers say that online learning can also be delivered at a dfraction of the cost of the traditional school setting (around an 80 percent reduction, on average). Similar savings (albeit only of 20 percent) can be made from a hybrid approach. The study used some 300 students based in Russia. To evaluate the data, scientists the researchers developed a controlled, randomized trial to test if students learned as much in online classes compared with traditional in-person classes. It was found that final exam scores did not differ significantly among the three versions. Another benefit is where activity-based online learning, rather than lecture-based, enhances student creativity.
Despite the equivalency in learning outcomes, there are other aspects of attending school or college that cannot be adequately catered for online. It was discovered that online students were less satisfied with their course experience compared to students in in-person and blended classes.
(source: https://www.digitaljournal.com/)
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Skin is a fairly good barrier that keeps out most of the external water. If our fingers did absorb a significant amount of water after staying in the pool or bath for several minutes, then our fingers would swell to round, plump shapes. Contrasting to a common misunderstanding, the wrinkling is actually caused by a reduction of fluid inside the fingertips. How can our fingertips experience reduced fluid internally when exposed to increased fluid externally? From a physical perspective, this effect seems to be a paradox. The answer is that the wrinkling of wet fingertips is an active biological response, rather than a passive physical one. Scientists have known for almost a hundred years that nerve damage in the hand can result in a person no longer being able to get wet-induced finger wrinkles. Finger wrinkling is therefore controlled by the nervous system. Nerve signals cause blood vessels in the fingertips to constrict, reducing the amount of fluid in the fingertips.
How could wrinkles ever help one survive? In the journal Brains, Behavior and Evolution, Mark Changizi and his associates at the 2AI Labs hinted at an answer to this question. They state, “We show that their morphology has the signature properties of drainage networks, enabling efficient removal of water from the gripped surface... Wet-induced wrinkles may, in fact, be substantially superior to 'rain treads' on shoes, which maintain a tread even when under compression and thus have a surface area of contact that is reduced. Wet-induced wrinkle treads, on the other hand, are pliable, and the act of pressing a fingertip down on a wet surface 'squeezes' the fluid out from under the finger through the channels, and upon completion of this single pulsatile flow the entire finger's skin contacts the surface.” A human with an improved grip can better handle tools and weapons in the rain, as well as retrieve food from rivers and streams.
Additional research carried out in 2013 by Kyriacos Kareklas and associates, as reported in Biology Letters, found that participants were able to transfer wet marbles and fishing weights between containers significantly faster if they had wet-induced finger wrinkles. While more research is needed to confirm these results, these studies suggest that the improved-grip hypothesis is a plausible explanation for wet-induced finger wrinkling.
(Adapted from: https://www.wtamu.edu/)
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
