1. Cấu trúc
- (+) Khẳng định: S + had + been + V-ing
- (-) Phủ định: S + hadn't + been + V-ing
- (?) Hỏi: Had + S + been + V-ing? -> Yes/No, S + had/hadn't
Lưu ý: Hadn't = Had not
Giải thích kí hiệu: Xem chi tiết
2. Cách dùng
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: He had been typing for 3 hours before he finshed his work. (Cậu ta đã đánh máy suốt 3 tiếng đồng hồ trước khi hoàn thành xong công việc.)
-
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra kéo dài liên tục trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: My father had been driving for 2 hours before 11pm last night. (Bố tôi đã lái xe liên tục 2 tiếng đồng hồ trước thời điểm 11h tối hôm qua.)
-
Nhấn mạnh hành động để lại kết quả trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: This morning he was very tired because he had been working very hard all night. (Sáng nay anh ấy rất mệt bởi vì anh ấy đã làm việc vất vả cả đêm.)
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Để nhận biết được lúc nào cần dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, cần ghi nhớ cách dùng đã nêu ở trên.
4. Bài tập vận dụng
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1. When I arrived, they (wait) …………………………… for me. They were very angry with me.
2. We (run) ……………………………along the street for about 2 hours when a car suddenly stopped right in front of us.
3. Yesterday, my brother said he (stop) ……………………………smoking for 3 months.
4. Someone (paint) …………………………… my class room because the smell of the paint was very strong when I got into it.
5. They (talk) ………………………..… on the phone when the rain poured down.
6. They ………………………..… (talk) in the park when storm broke.
7. The man ………………………….. (pay) for his new car in cash.
8. I …………………………………. (already/eat) breakfast by the time the others woke up.
9. It ……………………….. (snow) for three days when suddenly the sun came out.
10. Sam …………………………… (work) here for six years before he left to go to university.
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với gợi ý
1. I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work/hard all day) I’d been working hard all day.
2. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football) ...................
3. I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday. (I/look/forward to it) ...................
4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (she/dream) ...................
5. When I got home, Tom was sitting in front of the TC. He had just turned it off. (he/watch/a film) ...................
