Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answers from 1 to 5
The art form of the opera (1) ________ during the 1590s. At the time a group of composers and artists known as the Camerata were interested in injecting story telling into music. They were inspired by the belief that the great tragic plays of ancient Greece had been sung rather than simply acted. Another motivation may have been the desire of the composers to find an alternative to the production of music for the Church, (2) ________. This is supported by the selection of material for the opera. Early composers took their material from the mythologies of ancient Rome and Greece, which was full of plot twists, betrayals, and love affairs. From the very beginning. the sobriety of the Church had little place in opera.
(3) ________. Composers quickly embraced the new art form for the opportunities and creative freedom it offered. Wealthy nobles supported the opera because its elaborate and expensive performances allowed them to display their wealth as well as their sophistication. The early years of opera were marked primarily by experimentation. (4) ________, everything was new and untested.Early composers experimented with the structure, subject material, and organization of the opera. They tried different placements for the orchestra, as well as different sizes. By the early 1600s, however, (5) ________.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answers from 6 to 15
[I] Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. [II] As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of diversity and distribution. [III] Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
[IV] Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.
For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.
A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns very among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the greater part of example because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete classify will be minimized.
Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 21
People often say "choose a job you love, and you'll never have to work a day in your life" and it is true for me. Journalism is my first love and I will always be a writer. I recently graduated (16) ________ UAE University with a degree in English Literature and have (17) ________ valuable experience through my work on the student newspaper. I have written an article (18) ________ "tip of the day" and I've won prizes for my writing. I am friendly and enjoy working as part of a team. I am organized and comfortable working alone. I'm looking for work with a newspaper or magazine company. I am also (19) ________ in online journalism. I want (20) ________ anyone in the business and talk about opportunities. If you are looking for a (21) ________ to join your team. I would be thrilled to contribute.
Read the following advertisements and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 22 to 27
Energy saving tips
Turn off Appliances
Most electrical and electronic (22) ________ can safely be turned off at the plug to save energy. (23) ________ satellite and digital TV recorders that may need to stay plugged in. You could save about £30 a year by (24) ________ appliances left in standby mode.
Careful in the kitchen
Don't fill up your kettle (25) _______ time you use it. Only boil the (26) ________ of water that you need
+ Make sure the size of your saucepan matches the size of your hob ring to save (27) ________
+ Set your washing machine to wash at 30°C as it will use around 40% less energy than at higher temperatures Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answers from 28 to 35
Plastic bags are used by everybody. From a vegetable vendor to a designer store, everyone seems to use them. Even though they are one of the modern conveniences that we seem to be unable to do without, they are responsible for causing pollution, killing wildlife, and using up the precious resources of the Earth. But, most of us are blissfully unaware of the outcomes that are occurring and will take place in the future because of the plastic bags.
Every once in a while, the government passes out an order banning store owners from providing plastic bags to customers for carrying their purchases. Plastic bags are very popular with both retailers as well as consumers because they are cheap, strong, lightweight, functional, as well as a hygienic means of carrying food as well as other goods. About a hundred billion plastic bags are used every year in the U.S. alone. And then, when one considers the huge economies and populations of India, China, Europe, and other parts of the world, the numbers can be staggering. The problem is further worsened by the developed countries shipping off their plastic waste to developing countries like India.
Once they are used, most bags go into landfills. Each year, more and more bags are ending up littering the environment. Once they become litter, plastic bags find their way into our waterways, parks, beaches, and streets. About 100,000 animals, such as dolphins, turtles, whales, penguins are killed every year due to these bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore, die. And worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal. One of the worst environmental effects is that they are non-biodegradable. The decomposition takes about 400 years. No one will live so long to witness the decomposition of plastic!
A tote bag can make a good substitute for carrying groceries and the shopping. You can keep the bag with the cashier, and then put your purchases into it instead of the usual plastic bag. Recycling the bags you already have is another good idea. These can come into use for various purposes, like holding your garbage. instead of purchasing new ones. While governments may be working out ways to lessen the impact of plastic bags on the environment; however, each of us should shoulder some of the responsibility for this problem, which ultimately harms us. Plastics are not only non-biodegradable, but are one of the major pollutants of the sea. For a clean and green environment, try to use alternatives to plastic whenever and wherever possible. Cut down your use of plastic, and do your bit to save our planet.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions.
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